Rivers of nepal

RIVERS OF NEPAL AND THEIR UTILITIES
RIVERS OF NEPAL

It is said that almost 6 thousand big and small river's are flowing with in Nepal leading to a flow of 170, 00,000 cubic meter per second. The estimated power potential of Nepal is around 83000 MW. Nepal River's and its power is one and only the important natural resources of Nepal. Benefits derived from it could be achieved through the proper utilization of hydropower by initiating power and energy and also facilitating irrigation. Power could be exporting to the neighboring country India.
   
Water resources beyond doubt have multiple uses e.g. hydropower development, irrigation and water transportation. Although hydropower potential of Nepal is estimated to be around 83000MW. It is stated that negligible amount 3%of it has been harnessed so far. In present context, due to financial resources problem we are not able to develop sufficient hydropower plants in Nepal to meet the internal demand. We are daily aiming and also dreaming of selling electricity to India by developing the hydropower.
     
So, the sources of Nepal like river's make to responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in every corner of the country Nepal to see the faces of development for established the Nepal Electricity Authority in 1985.

communication

COMMUNICATION
NTC
   Communication is a prerequisite for    development   of    country. Telecommunication is one of the major techniques of communication, which make us easy t communicate with each other. Underdeveloped country like Nepal, telecommunication plays to vital role of the country. Thus, the researcher has chosen to research in this enterpriser.
Nepal Telecommunication Corporation is generally service motive enterpriser but without being profit oriented it can’t move further. Financial achievement is the universally expected means of sources of any business entity. Therefore, the overall transactions ad performance of an organization is generally represented by the financial success and failure. Thos terms of the financial achievement like return on investment, turnover of resources ad assets, profit and profitability, debt utilization, liquidity management etc. Therefore the researcher has made his/her best analyzing the financial strength and weakness of NTC by means of different financial methods, formulae, trends, theories, as well as the statistical techniques fro available data.
Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was established on 1st Ashad 2032, under the communication corporation act 2028. Ti is administering by a government appointed board of directors in which include Chairman (who is the secretary of the ministry of Information and Communication), and other four members ad the secretary. The chef executive officer of this corporation is General Manager appointed by His Majesty Government (HMG). Nepal Telecommunication Corporation is also subjected to government rules and regulations for investment plan, approval, foreign credits access, staffing. Employment conditions etc. like other government owned corporations.

NTC is moving ahead to establish nationwide telecommunication infrastructure, the foundation for IT revolution in the country. In view of unprecedented development in the world of information and Communication Technologies, NTC is trying its best to make a quantum leap forward to expand services not only in urban areas but also in the vast rural areas. More efficiency, increased productivity better consumer services and more professionalism in the management key areas where NTC will be going top priority in coming days of competition environment in telecom center.

Bhaktapur

BHAKTAPUR
ABOUT BHAKTAPUR
Bhaktapur (Badgaon) is inhabited by the Newars, aTibeto Burman ethnic group. It is a town of unusual cultural and religious richness with a very complex society. Bhaktapur is one of the three major Newan Towns in the heart of the fertile Kathmandu Valley, the centre of political and administrative action in the mountain Kingdom of Nepal.
Bhaktapur Municipality is situated at Bagmati zone of the central development region. Bhaktapur Municipality have and area of 6.88 sq. km and is geographically divided into 17 wards. According to the census 2001. The total population of Bhaktapur Municipality is 72587 at the growth rate 1.7% annually. Bhaktapur Municipality contains 12000 No. of household with each family of 6 person p/h. The rapidly growing population result in the unplanned settlement in this area. This municipality is also considered as the main trade centre of eastern part of valley many more banks, NGO, INGO, financial institutes, social organization and other are operated in this city. Not only this region this municipality (city) in considered as 2nd cleanest city of Asia and many more cultural temples, places are listed in world heritage so to protect the pride of whole Nepal it must be4 clean, healthy and civilized.
            People want to utilize many more facilitie3s for their luxurious life (like roads, water supply, electricity, entertainment, communication, education and other) and opportunities too.
The major indicator of unplanned urbanization shows lack of water supply, education, waste management, road system, poor sewerage system and unplanned construction and so on.
Bhaktapur is a small district of Nepal whose appears to be a glory and pride of whole Nepal as Namuna city after the settlement growth pattern by planned. The vision of Bhaktapur municipality is to promote Bhaktapur city as a tourist destination through a better solider waste management. However, some problems are remain now if the government and people are think jointly about this problems and step forward to resolving this present problem then doubt to be positive in future.

Travelling

TRAVELLING
INTRODUCTION AND VALUE OF TRAVELLING
            Travelling in the past was difficult and dangerous. People travelled either on foot or cart and horses. They were often attacted and killed by dacoits on the way. But is is no longer so today. Today, traver has become pleasure.
           Travelling has its own short of value and we come across various sections of the people while we are traveling . people from different parts of the world have different costums, traditions, culture and languages and when we are travelling, we tend to meet these people and try to compare our own very calture, traditions and tanguage and in the process also try to learn from them about them. This will definitelybroaden our outlook and our views towards other people people caltures. As a result of sympathy and brotherhood develops between the two different types of people, then there will definitely be peace among them and the chances of war will recede in the long run.
             If a person not in the habbit of travelling to places, then they are missing lots of thing. They can’t get a chance to meet with people from other parts of the world and to to intract with them.their calture, languages and tradition, may just be alien to them and they may be having apprehensions about them.
              Another important value of travelling is that they may learn about patience. When one leaves the home comfort of one’s home, then one is likely to face difficultiesand inconveniences and in the way , they will try to be patient and try to overcome these on their own without making any fuss. So patience is a great quality which travelling teaches us.

e-mail & internet

E-MAIL & INTERNET
INTRODUCTION
Internet
              The internet is the largest computer system in the world. It is a global network of computers. Millions os computers around the world can share any information at a time by using this worldwide network system. The internet consist of millions of computers networks, connected together around the world. A network is a group of connected computers each other. Each government company and organization is responsible for maintain its own network.
           Two or more physical networks, connected by routers that maintain a map of the physical networks on the internet and forward data received from one physical network to otherphysical networks.network users in an internet can share information and network devices.
           The internet is an inter connection between several computers of different types belonging to various networks all over the globe. It is a network of networks. The internet is an ocean of information accessible to people across the world, but the way it can be used on various platform is different.
E-mail
            E-mail is the most widely used featured on the internet. You can exchange any message with people around the world by using e-mail. Even with the multimedia excitement of the web, electronic mail(e-mail) is the most frequently used application of the internet. Many people who have assess to the internet at school, home, and work, use the internet for no other purpose than to send and receive email.
              E-Mail is oe of the service s offered by your internet service provider …. A service that you are paying for every month. If you are connected to the internet for the sole purpose of sending and receiving email you may wish to check out an alternative.

women trafficking

WOMEN TRAFFICKING
TRAFFICKING
The definition of trafficking continues to be the subject of debate, and there is no conclusive or even commonly agreed upon definition globally, regionally or even nationally.  This in itself is indicative of the degree of ideological contention which marks the discourse on trafficking and related issues. Absence of consensus on the definition has crucial implications on strategic planning and programme development since some of the definitions which inform concrete practice may be contradictory to each other. However, there are some basic elements of trafficking that are widely agreed upon, such as violence, deception, coercion, deprivations of freedom of movement, abuse of authority, debt bondage, forced labour and slavery-like practices, and other forms of exploitation or use of force.
The above elements are largely and commonly agreed upon, and trafficking is considered to be a violation of the basic rights of women and girls. The issue however, gets mired in controversy and confusion when prostitution too is considered as a violation of the basic human rights of both adult women and minors and equal to sexual exploitation.
Girl trafficking is one of the worst forms of human rights violations, of violence towards girls, of child labour and modern slavery. It is widely believed that per year 5000 to 7000 Nepali girls and women are brought to brothels, mainly in India. More than 20% of them are below 16 years old - with a rising percentage.
                  Due to a pervasive lack of female empowerment and an acute absence of overall awareness, Nepal is facing an enormous dilemma regarding the phenomenon of `girl trafficking', representing a major crisis in the country, especially as the threat of AIDS is spreading in the Himalayan kingdom.  Defined as the enticement or abduction of women and girls into prostitution, it generally entails their being taken out of their familiar surroundings, escorted accross the border and sold to brothels, with the majority ending up in Mumbai's red light district.

child labour

CHILD LABOUR
SITUATION OF CHILDREN
Nepal is a country that is counted in one of the underdeveloped countries. The per capita income of Nepalese is around $240 only, which means that the majority of the population is below poverty line. Poverty is the difficulty faced by the Nepalese children. The street children are growing rapidly in Kathmandu valley then in that of other parts of the country. The places like durbar square, and open plaza near the city center are the main area where the between ten to twenty boys beg and sleep. It is an alarming and unfortunate reality that we are facing today.
The word street children are composed of two different words “Street and Children”. The definition of street is no longer limited to a path from one place to another of its common area of land which can be used by anyone to move. The word child means anyone the age between 0-18(according to UN convention in the rights of child). The law of Nepal says a child is a human being whose age is below 16. Children can also be defined as that part that needs protection, survival, participation, and development. But street children are those who don’t have anyone to look after them and they live in the street with their miserable and difficult life. They represent one of the most marginalized and vulnerable groups of society.
Street children are often treated as vagabonds who are aberrant in nature, violent, unconcerned about other people, pick-picketers etc. by the various social members. This is a very unfortunate situation for the country as this in a major factor that brings about a psychological change in them which make them go against the society.
The problem of street children is universal. An estimation of 120 million children lives on the streets world wide according to the WHO. The report based on a survey of street children in 10 cities around the world found that there are about 40 million street children in Latin America, 15.30 million in Asia, more than 10 million in Africa and 20-25 million in developed nations. These growing numbers of street children in recent decades are because of wide spread recessions, civil unrest, poverty, poor economic conditions and natural disasters.

women education

WOMEN EDUCATION
Role of women
Education is considered as the basis for developing inherent qualities of an individual. To have an equal access to education is a natural right of human being, which   in fact is “the foundation of civilization and the measuring rod of the development” Education is the effective tool for the advancement of humankind. it works as the catalyst for the socioeconomic change in the society. Education is the key indicator of the development for the gender equality and women’s empowerment .in order to increase women’s participation in education, it require a number of initiatives to be taken for girl’s education.
Gender discrimination and inequalities continue to erode the better opportunities and advancement of women in every sector of development .as the saying goes,’ ignorance is bliss’. Many people take it very easily for granted the power relation between the men and women is a natural way of life and go through life without any questioning. Now, the realizing of the human rights, the unequal and unjust position of women is not natural but that it is formed by discriminatory traditional and customary beliefs from the social system based on patriarchy. Such a discriminatory system of society has deprived for the women’s betterment.  Therefore, their status and position in society to be negotiate for the creation of gender friendly society.
Home is know as the first school of the children and mother is also know as the first teacher of the child .therefore the future of the children depends upon the family environment of the home and women’s education which is almost important for the child education .in terms of female education, great poet William words worth said, “if you give me good mother, I will give you good child.”
           In the developing countries women manage most of the houses and she is also known as homemaker of the house. Home is that place where all human beings are reproduced and their continued existence need met. Similarly, home is first place where all human being learn most the norms, values and social system as practiced in every society. Therefore, if the homes are happy, healthy and educated; so the countries can be.It should thus be unthinkable that women have hardly to do for their betterment .In most of the countries even in developed ones women remain absent, invisible and unheard in decision making bodies because of discriminatory traditions .If such a situation continue to prevail, how can a country be developed? There are many examples of old saying in the cultural that a downgrade woman, one of such example is “sons are the light of the family where daughter lighten the kitchen only”.
South Asia is known as the classical belt of patriarchy where male folk of the population decide every thing both in home and outside. Beside, it has exacerbated domestic violence in the countries of this region. Nepal is no more an exception to it. Despite the prevalence of domestic violence there is no more a legal provision to declare it a crime and brought under judicial scrutiny. Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world. Above 38% of the population are living below the poverty line (NESAC-1998). Women consist of more than half of the population in Nepal but far behind in every socio-economic, legal and political position of life women have traditionally underprivileged status in the areas of education, health and economic participation. Likewise, women are notably absent at all level of Nepalese educational system.

About Nepal

TOURISM IN NEPAL
About Nepal
Nepal is a country of hills and mountains situated in the lap of Himalayas. The country is bordering between the most populated countries of the world China in the north and India in the east,west and south. So Nepal also known as land locked country and the home place of natural beauties. Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world in term of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. It is very beautiful country where nature has poured all the colors of rainbow. The northern range, Himalaya are covered with snow over the years where the highest peak of the world the Mt. Everest stand. The middle range hill is captured by  beautiful mountains, hills and lakes. That’s why Nepal is known as “Switzerland Of Asia”.
Travelling is an ancient phenomenon and human beings are always instable from begining of the civilization. The travellers may be merchant, pilgrim, trekkers, mountaineers, scholars in search of new knowledge and exploration of new places. The basic concept of tourism is pleasure at leisure time. So tourism is movement of people to destination outside the place where they normally stay and work for getting pleasure and many other purposes.
The people of Nepal are religious. The traditional shriues of stupas preserving unique patterns of wood carving and stone sculpture adds glory and grandeur to artistic and cultural scene of Nepal. Being the god gifted natural beauties Nepal has many places and to visit and water. There are many tourist attractions. Nepal is the variety of adventure tourist. Mountaineering, trekking, mountain biking, nature tours, culture tours, pilgrim tours, white water rafting, kayaking, jungle safar, bird watching, fishing hang gliding ultra light aircraft ride etc.
Nepal, today, has become synonym of adventure tourism as many have pioneered to show the rest of the world, a true location for trekking and mountaineering. Nepal is ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast offering myriad of possibilities from the short and easy to demanding challenges of the snow peaks. Nepal has aptly been called ‘A trekkers paradise’ as her terrain-mountains hills and the terai.

education

       In this 21st century education is most important weapon. Because without education people ane nothing. Student of 21st century are very tallented, ther lern very fast. but some student are so negligence in their study. even they khow about importance about their study they didn't give their time for learning.

           Every student didn't have same talent, some student talent in their study and some are in other activities. But those student who are tallent in their study and other extra activities they can solve any problem in their life. educated student know techniques about how to solve problems and how to work. those student who knows the value of education they will give most of time in their study and increase their knowledge. They knows value of time and they will give most of time for learning and learning.

          without education we can't be informed nor can we turly understand the meaning and value of life and we can't be able to solve any problems. So it is important to have education an student have to know that we can passed our knowlledge to next generation.

            The right to education is fundamental human rights. Every student have right to get education. Education is the primary weapons by which economically and socially needed for dudected proverty. None of the cvil, political, economic, social right can be excercised indivisual unless they have received a certian minimum education.